course work

notes

Analogue or Digital

Digital introduction have rapidly grown over the years

Access to information

To marketing

Increased over time

In the 1970s the most popular thing was the Digital watch

Analogue devices which record data linearly from one point to another analogue devices read the media such as tapes or records by scanning physical data off the media

Digital devices which perform all calculations using ones and zeros. This methods of computing is referred to as the binary system Digitized information is recorded in binary code of combinations of the digits 0 and 1

Analogue                

·     Camera      

·     Alarm

·     Mouse

·     Watch

My name is Emmanuel  I am 16 years of age I was born in the UK on the 11^th of December 2000 I live with my mum and dad who were born in ghana and sister who is 14 years old who was also born in the UK . I recently just finished high school at harris academy merton now I am going to Couldston collage Six Form my hobbies are playing football and playing games and watching Youtube or football on Tv. Also learning new things  I live in pollard hill and get the 60 bus to school every morning. I picked media because I studied it in when I was at high school and I really enjoy it also dose not involve a lot of writing in it such as English my favourite sector in media is creating a dvd cover or creating a new game because I enjoy drawing and colouring in. I don’t have a favourite Tv show but however when I was much younger I really enjoyed watching tom and jerry also Scooby Doo and the also recently been crowned champions. When I get older I want to be a footballer and be a top class player but if that dose not quite work out then I will want to do something related with business.Garfield show before I stopped watching Tv.

My favourite football team is Chelsea football club which are a London football team which play in the Barclays premier league the hardest league in the world, they

Understanding Digital media sectors , products and platforms

media sectors

gaming:  sector

websites: social media

moving:  images,Tv/film

publishing: books/magazines

audio: radio

Sectors: an area or portion of the main that is distinct from others.These are Moving Image, Audio, publishing, games and websites.These are the industries that make the products.

Products: The media that is created example movies, Tv, shows, magazines, playstation games, newspapers

Platforms: digital way for media to be distributed and accessed. This includes Tv, Broadcasts

Devices: Are used to access digital media these include mobile, phones, laptops PC's 

Devices 

Harry Potter E-Book device and platforms were to access

. kindle store e book reader plat fork

. device would be phone

Grand Theft auto

. device tv/Ps4 /xbox

To understand cross-Media Synergy.

Digital media sectors do not exist independently. They often overlap and are connected. This is referred to as synergy.

• Publishing - Harry Potter
• 
  
• Moving Images - Harry Potter
• 
  
• Games - grand theft auto 

There are such high levels of overlap and convergence in the media industry because companies can make more and more profit each year a month. Also they can increase the their audience so more people will be interested in buying their games as or products they have made. This could also be published in newspapers and put onto social media to attract a younger audience. Companies are also able to make more profit by not just only publishing their products on newspapers and buses and on streets, but also around the through social media which means more people are most likely to spend money on their product which also means their profit will continue to go up each year because more people are buying the products that they sell.


Stages of Production

LO: To understand the stages of productions when creating a media product.

• Pre-Production
• Production
• Post-Production
• Distribution
• Exhibition

Pre Production: for creating new game

think of theme good for the audience also make the game developed also the type of game it is going to be also having the correct and idea and research the correct information before the game is made and sold.

Production making the game

post- Production trying out the game before you sell it to people

Distribution sell the game  in a different platform.

exhibition selling the game to platform.

Audio 

pre-Production who comes on the show or radio

Production

Post-Production checking for any errors before the game is sold.

destruction put on the live radio

Exhibition Play the product after it sold  

How has access to digital technology change the way in which the audience consumes media?

The way the media has change is that people do not have to travel to go and meet up with friend or spend a lot of money talking on the phone to one person every month. but instead people ca use social media such as Facebook snap chat which can be used to talk to people around the world at any time you wish to. Also TV shows have changed because if you miss show you can go on TV catch up and watch the show u missed over again instead of having to wait another week or longer to watch the show you was hoping to see. Also all social media is for free and most kids are able to access social media without having to pay even if they under age for social media such as Facebook. 

Technological convergence

Media technological convergence is the tendency that as technology changes different technological systems sometimes evolve toward performing similar tasks for example a mobile phone can now do more then just call and text it has a number other functions reducting the need for a bunch of devices.


immediacy -How slow or how fast you get something

Access -How we can use something

Convenience - How reliable something is or easy to use it is

Portability -easy or difficult to move around

Connectivity -How well joined with the rest of the world on the internet

Interactivity -How you work with something

personalisation - How you make something your own or personal to you

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Technological convergence

The advantages of Technological convergence is having a portable device were you can carry with you everywhere you go also the device will have internet which means you do not have to sit at home on a pc to access the internet. Also having everything all in one stored on your phone is a advantage because you wont have to worry about holding onto so many different things this is also very easy to use because it is convenience. Because it is easy to use and most people find it useful. another advantage is that your more connected with people around the world because before people were having to pay a lot of money to make a single phone call but now the internet has been invented you can talk to people around the world through things like social media also normal phone calls which without having to pay a lot of money also people wont have to get out of their homes to go and have a conversation with a friend or family but instead they can connect with them by mobile. The disadvantages of technological convergence is that the devices can sometimes run slow you can also run out battery quickly. You could also accidentally over use your mobile data which will cause the phone to stop working for a certain amount of time. Another disadvantage is that you can get to attached to your phone and also become to reliant so you might be not be able to work certain things out because all the time you are relying on your phone such if the  google maps stop working and you are not a very good reader.12

Audience Theory 

LO: To understand audience theory and regulatory bodies

Media Consumption and audience theory

To explore how audience engage with digital media products.

Key terms

Individual consumption: when users engage with a digital media product on their own, fir solo enjoyment ( i.e. reader, gamer, consumer web surfer, listener, DVD viewer social networking.

Active: we have a choice we choose to consume a media text to fulfil our needs.

Passive: we blindly accept what we are give / told etc.

Hypodermic need model

This was one of the first media theories used as an attempt to explain how audiences consume media. It suggests that the audience, passively ( without realisation) receives information via media text and that they do not challenge or process the information.

Uses and Gratification Model

The uses and Gratification theory states that we are active consumers of media and that there are four main reasons we choose to consume any given media product:

• Need of social interaction
• Need for education / information
• Need for Identity
• Need for Entertainment
• Uses and Gratification Model 

Five products

grand theft auto entertainment

snap chat

Facebook messenger

youtube entertainment

blogger education

Key Terms

Primary target audience: the main target audience of a product.

Secondary audience: Any consumers that are outside the primary target audience

Audience Categories

• Age
• Gender
• Socio-economic
• background
• personality type

User - Generated content 

User - generated content is any form of content created by users of a system or service and made available publicly on that system.

An example of this is a user of YouTube creates and uploads their own video to YouTube.


Regulatory Bodies

To explore how products are regulated

Films

All films in the uk are regulated by the british Board of film control.

identify content

give film there age rating

Games

All games in the uk are regulated by pan European Game information.

Peggy check content and put an age rating on the game

Regulatory Bodies

ipso independent press standard organisation

They prevent slander entering magazines, newspaper
of com office of communication 

They deal with communication  magazines, radio, television, phone, internet

Audience Research

LO: To explore various research methods.

Key Terms

audience statistics: when facts and figures are collected on things like circulation, website hits box office figures , rating , sales, etc.

There are two basic types of research. They are: primary research: research that is conducted first - hand questionnaires, focus groups, interview,

Secondary research: second - hand research conducted by using existing primary research information ( books, magazines, internet, etc.)

qualitative research : measuring individual opinions, attitudes , behaviour and the psychology behind the choices people make.

Quantitative research: to measure responses in quantifiable terms ( how much , how many), using numerical data.

Audience profile

An audience profile is one way for products to work out exactly who is buying their product, which helps them to ensure their product will sell. Several factors are considered, including:

age                         Education

gender                    Occupation

race                        income

sexuality                personality type

lifestyle                  Buying habits



Demographics : A particular sector of a population

Psychographics : labels given to a particular type of person, based on their habits.


Codes connotations and Denotations

To understand denotations and connotations.

To understand stylistic codes.

Denotation : what we actually see

Connotation : what you associate with this image

It is important to not that images have different connotations depending on the reader of the image/text.

The study of written codes includes slogans

• Typeface/font
• headline
• captions
• style
• choice of words
• Emphasis of words

Key Term

Mise en scene : what you see in a shop the use of costume , hair make-up props, setting and figure expressions.

In media , everything is constructed for a reason. Every shot type, every font choice, every colour has been chosen for a particular effect.

'use of colour do they use contrasting colours such as black and white filters shades tones.

use of movement; does the camera pan, tilt, track use slow motion, speed up, zoom in, zoom out?

framing and angles; long shot, close up,

composition 

lighting 

editing 

sound

Denotation and connotation of image

denotation

• old women          
• trees     
• grave yard         
• path
• dark sky
• walking stick

The hole image indicates that something bad has happened such as death the clouds and the dark sky makes people feel scared and terrified also the lady looks weak by herself walking down the dark long road. which shows she could need help.

To understand different shots and angles.

• extreme long shot show over view of something such as a town something that very far away.
• long shot shows the of life size by showing the full object.
• mid shot shows a figure from the knees/waist
• close up when you see something very close and you can only see the one object and the background not clear. focus on that object
• extreme close up is a zoomed object like a eye which fills up the entire shot.
• over the shoulder shot shows something behind or from the side.
• Bird eye looking down at something
• high angle looking up from a angle
• low angle makes people look bigger and powerful
• canted angle to make somebody confused. 

camera movement

lighting

stylistic codes create meaning for audience

movement

The way the camera moves in shot is also important in analysing the meaning

Crane

Refers to a dolly shot taken in the air using a heavy piece of equipment that the camera is mounted to


Handheld

Gives the shot a jerky effect that creates a sense of realism

E.g. The Blair Witch project, The Bourne Trilogy and clover field

Panning

A camera movement that goes from left to right


Slow Motion

showing a moving image more slowly than it was filmed


Speed

suggest how fast or slow the movement is

Tilting

A vertical camera movement that points up or down while the camera is stationary


Tracking

when a camera is mounted on a cart which travels along tracks, creating a very smooth movement. Also known as a dolly shot.

Zoom in / zoom out

A change inn the camera lens focal length will give the illusion that the camera is moving closer or further away from the subject.

Lighting

realistic lighting

used so that actors and sets are lit so naturally that the audience do not notice the technology that has been used to simulate reality.

often used in romantic comedies and soap operas.

Expressive Lighting

when the director uses light to set a mood or tone for a scene or even a look to a whole film

e.g films like The dark Knight which have expressive lighting designs

High Key Picture

makes the shot look very bright overall with small areas of shadow

A bright, sunlit outdoor scene is high key.

Low Key Picture

Makes the shot look dark overall with a few areas if highlight

There may be one section of the shot which is brightly lit while the rest is in deep shadow.

Night shots or interiors are often low-key.


Sound and Music

• Ambient sound the sounds of everything going on around the person who is speaking. 
• For example the sound of waves and wind on a beach scene.

• Synchronised Sound words match the lip movements of the speaker
• often used in music videos or musical programs
• Voice over sound sound that is dubbed onto any picture sequences
• Documentaries and advertisements often use a lot of voice over.
• Sound effects sound effects added in post productions and can be subbed divided into two types
• Diegetic Sound sound sound where you can see were it comes from is the sound where the source is visible
• Non Diegetic Sound sound which is neither visible on the screen nor has been implied to be present in the action

Narrative Structure

Narrative is the storyline for a film, books  

maninstream are films which follow a straightforward linear of beginnigng, middle , end

• linear - beginning - middle - end
• Non - linear - flashback
• multi-Strand - Several narratives that run at the same time
• Open - Cliff hanger , story does not resolve
• Closed - Story ends satisfactortolly 

Point of view - first person which is through the eyes of a character, the second person documentary. Third person outside the story relating experiences

Tzvetan Todorov who devised a way of analysing narratives of the way they move through different stages

1. Equilibrium  The start of the storyline and where everything is normal
2. Disruption  A character appears and the story takes a particular direction
3. Recognition The live of characters and the main part of the film were everything starts happening 
4. Attempt to repair The highest point of tension were the audience are up on their seats
5. Reinstatement of equilibrium things go back to normal matters are sorted out problems are solved questions answered 

homework